This workshop features, (Live) demonstration of sonographic technique of the UPPER EXTREMITY joints; patient positioning; transducer choices, operationandpositiononthe anatomic landmarks; optimal evaluation of the anatomic structures in shoulder, elbow and wrist; hopefully on Thursday or Friday.

Background: In recent years, the increasing popularity of cycling for commuting and leisure has led to a corresponding increase in bicycle-related injuries. However, there is a lack of extensive analysis of bicycle-related injuries to the UPPER limb in the literature. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with conventional bicycle-related injuries of the UPPER limb was performed. Data on demographics, mechanisms of injury, region of injury, fracture type, management type, and length of hospital stay were extracted and analyzed. Results: A total of 177 of 733(24%) patients with bicycle-related UPPER limb injuries were identified. The most common mechanism of injury was a collision with another vehicle (60%). Frequently affected regions were the shoulder (48%), hand (19%), and wrist (19%). Eighty-eight (50%) patients sustained bony injuries, while the remainder (50%) had isolated soft tissue injuries. Fifty-three (30%) patients required a mean of 3. 9 days of hospitalization, whereas 13 (25%) patients required high dependency or intensive care unit treatment. Surgical interventions were required in 47 (27%) patients. Conclusion: Bicycle-related injuries to the UPPER limb are common and result in significant morbidity. The most common regions affected are the shoulder, wrist, and hand. Most of the injuries were caused by collisions with other vehicles. A third of affected patients required hospitalization, and a quarter required surgical intervention.

Background: Schwannoma, the most common primary neural tumor of the UPPER EXTREMITY, arises from Schwann cells of the nerve sheet. The tumor is usually painless and slow-growing. Symptomatic masses could be treated through intra- or extra-capsular excision. Herein, we aim to evaluate the long-term results of surgical treatment of 12 cases of UPPER EXTREMITY Schwannoma. Methods: Twelve cases of confirmed Schwannoma who were treated in Imam Khomeini University Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2011 to 2022, were included in our case series. All operations were done using loupe magnification or under a microscope. Age, sex, location of the mass, size of the tumor, affected nerve, histological diagnosis, and clinical follow-up, including the neurological status of the patients, were documented. Results: Twelve patients with a mean age of 44 years were included. Seven (58.3%) were men and five (41.66%) were women. The mean follow-up period was 45 months (range: 6-135). The hand was the most common location of involvement and the digital nerve was the most frequent origin of Schwannoma. Postoperative evaluation showed no tumor recurrence and pain resolved in all twelve patients (100%). Sensory dysfunction resolved completely in 5 out of 8 patients who reported sensory impairment preoperatively (62.5%) and no motor function improvement was seen in the patient with motor deficit. Conclusion: Adequate operative techniques can lead to complete tumor removal without neurological loss or recurrence. Neural function improvement in most cases is achieved. New neurologic impairment after excision of Schwannoma is rare.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate distal UPPER EXTREMITY musculoskeletal disorders among industrial workers.Material and Methods: A sample of 210 male subjects including 50 controls working at administrative settings and 160 subjects working as smashers, welders and drillers in Saypa Industrial Factory were selected forthe present study. An integrated approach consisting of multiple observations and interviews, completing Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and implementing SI model was accepted for evaluation of all subjects participated in this study. Independent and Paired t tests, One Way ANOVA and TOKEY POSTHOC tests were used for statistical analysis of raw data using SPSS software version 17 (α£0.05).Results: Study results revealed that the most prevalent MSDs in UPPER limbs were found in welding, smashing and drilling respectively. There are significant differences between the mean scores of calculated Strain Indices obtained from administrative (1.7), welding (5.6), smashing (7.2) and drilling (8.1) jobs. These scores were respectively labeled as "safe risk level" (risk level 1), "uncertain risk level" (risk level 2) and as "hazardous jobs" (risk level 4).Conclusion: Based on study results, we concluded that workers dealing with works that involves drilling stresses were more susceptible for musculoskeletal disorders.